Lactic Acid for Gentle Exfoliation Explained
Lactic acid stands out as a mild ingredient in skincare that removes dead skin cells without harsh irritation. It belongs to a group called alpha hydroxy acids, or AHAs, and works by loosening the bonds between old skin cells so they shed naturally.
This process reveals fresher skin underneath, making the face look smoother and more even. Unlike stronger AHAs such as glycolic acid, lactic acid has larger molecules that penetrate the skin more slowly. This slower action reduces the chance of redness or stinging, which makes it perfect for beginners or those with sensitive skin.
One key strength of lactic acid comes from its ability to hold onto moisture. It acts as a humectant, drawing water into the skin and keeping it hydrated even as it exfoliates. Skin often feels soft and plump afterward, not dry or tight. This dual role of exfoliating and moisturizing sets it apart from many other exfoliants.
People use lactic acid in products like serums, peels, creams, and even hair care. In serums at concentrations around 5 percent, it targets surface roughness daily. Professional peels offer deeper results over a few sessions, fading dark spots and fine lines while boosting collagen for firmer skin. It also evens out tone by tackling dullness and sun damage.
For hair and scalp, lactic acid smooths strands and gently clears buildup without stripping natural oils. Its natural acidity helps stabilize formulas in cleansers and conditioners too.
Lactic acid occurs naturally in milk from fermentation, but plant-based versions exist for vegan options. The body even produces a form of it as part of its natural moisturizing factors. When used right, at a low pH around 3.8 and proper strength, it supports the skin barrier by aiding ceramide production and cutting water loss.
Start with lower strengths like 5 to 10 percent, especially in winter or on dry skin. Apply in the evening, and always follow with sunscreen during the day since exfoliation can increase sun sensitivity. Those with very sensitive or damaged skin should patch test first or consult a professional.
Sources
https://www.newdirectionsaromatics.com/cosmetic-ingredients/raw-materials/lactic-acid
https://smoothsynergy.com/med-spa-manhattan/facial-rejuvenation-nyc/chemical-peel-nyc/lactic-acid-peel
https://www.orsmanbutchers.co.uk/beauty-hair/the-milk-bath-that-rejuvenates-skin-how-lactic-acid-exfoliates-gently-4233/
https://smytten.com/blogs/skincare/7-winter-safe-acids-for-gentle-skin-exfoliation
https://www.tataneu.com/pages/fashion/beauty-skincare/how-to-use-glycolic-and-lactic-acid-pads-for-radiant-skin
https://theordinary.com/en-us/lactic-acid-5-ha-exfoliator-100427.html
https://www.drunkelephant.com/products-allproducts/protini-powerpeptide-resurfacing-serum-with-lactic-acid-812343032408.html?cgid=products-allproducts&pr_rd_page=32
